Manuscript Preparation
1. Main text structure
The manuscript should normally include the following sections:
- Title page
- Abstract and keywords
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- References
- Tables (optional)
- Figures (optional)
- Appendices (optional)
2. Title page
The title page should include:
- Title of the article
- Full names of all authors
- Affiliations of all authors
- Corresponding author’s email address
- ORCID iD, if available
- Funding information and acknowledgements, if applicable
The title should be concise, clear, and informative. It is recommended that the title be short and reflect the main topic of the study.
3. Abstract and keywords
The abstract must be written in English only and should not exceed 300 words.
It should include the following elements:
- Background
- Purpose/objectives
- Methods
- Major results
- Conclusions
- Limitations, if any
- Practical implications, if any
- Originality/value
Provide up to 6 keywords.
4. Introduction
The introduction should clearly present the research problem, the novelty of the study, and the rationale for the research. It should answer the following questions:
- What is the main problem?
- What is already known about the problem?
- What is the main contribution of the study?
- What are the main limitations of existing research?
- What does the study aim to achieve?
The introduction should also clearly state the purpose and objectives of the study, its significance, originality, and intended audience.
5. Methods
The methods section should provide a clear and sufficient description of the research design, participants, procedures, instruments, and statistical methods used.
The author(s) should demonstrate that the methodology is appropriate and robust enough to achieve the stated objectives.
If the research involves human participants or animals, ethical approval must be stated clearly in the manuscript and in the submission metadata where applicable.
6. Results
The results section should present the essential findings only. It should avoid unnecessary detail and should focus on the facts that are directly relevant to the research question.
Results should be reported clearly, logically, and consistently with tables and figures where appropriate.
7. Discussion
The discussion should interpret the results, compare them with previous studies, explain similarities and differences, and discuss possible limitations.
The discussion should lead logically to the conclusion and should not go beyond what the results can support.
8. Conclusion
The conclusion should not merely repeat the abstract. It should answer the research questions, highlight the main contribution of the study, and indicate practical implications and directions for future research.
New information should not be introduced in the conclusion.
Tables, Figures, and Illustrations
Figures
All figures, including charts, diagrams, line drawings, web pages, screenshots, and photographs, should be submitted electronically.
Figures must be:
- high quality and legible
- numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals
- cited in the text in the order in which they appear
- submitted as separate files when possible
Figures should not be embedded as low-quality picture files if a better format is available.
Recommended formats include JPG or TIFF for photographs and EPS, TIFF, PNG, or JPEG for graphics.
Figure titles and numbers should be placed below the figure.
Tables
Tables should be prepared in Word Table or Excel format.
Tables must be:
- numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals
- cited in the text in the order in which they appear
- given a short and clear title
Table titles and numbers should be placed above the table.
Tables should be clear, concise, and designed to fit within the page layout whenever possible.
Equations
Equations should be prepared in an editable format whenever possible. If necessary, they may be uploaded as separate image files.
