THE EFFECTS OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING ON THE SPEED OF ASSUMPTION OF GYMNASTIC ELEMENTS IN CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
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Dimitrije Prodić
Snežana Bijelić
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5782-3759
Saša Jovanović
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-6518
Dalibor Fulurija
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0942-1867
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5782-3759
Saša Jovanović
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-6518
Dalibor Fulurija
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0942-1867
Abstract
The research studied the influence of experimental proprioceptive training on the speed of acquisition of selected gymnastic elements on beam in elementary school students. The results showed that the experimental treatment had a positive effect on the faster mastering of the technical elements of the gymnastic all-around on the beam. The t-test and Wilcoxon test confirmed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups at a significance level of 0.01. The experimental treatment had a statistically significant effect on the speed of acquisition of gymnastic elements performed in dynamic balance, such as different types of turns. On the other hand, it did not have a statistically significant effect on the speed of adoption of static elements such as front balance and high forefoot, which proved to be easier to master. The research concludes that the experimental proprioceptive training constructed in this way can be offered as an effective training tool in working with children of elementary school age, and that it will have positive effects on the speed of acquisition of gymnastic elements and the motor ability of balance. A longer period of application of the treatment is recommended to achieve an even stronger effect.
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Keywords
gymnastics, balance, proprioception, experimental treatment
References
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Blackburn, T., Guskiewiez, KM, Petschauer, MA, & Prentice, WE (2000). Balance and joint stability: The relative contributions of proprioception and muscular strength. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 9(4), 315-328.
Chatzopoulos, D. (2019). Effects of ballet training on proprioception, balance, and rhythmic synchronization of young children. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 22(2), 23-33.
Chatzopoulos, D., Doganis, G., & Kollias, I. (2018). Effects of creative dance on proprioception, rhythm, and balance of preschool children. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(4), 1943-1953.https://doi.org/10.1080/xxxxxx
Dobrijević, S., Moskovljević, L., & Dabović, M. (2016). The influence of proprioceptive training on young rhythmic gymnasts' balance. Sport Mont, 14(2), 25-28.
Ferlinc, A., Fabiani, E., Velnar, T., & Gradisnik, L. (2019). The importance and role of proprioception in the elderly: A short review. Mater Sociomedica, 31(3), 219-221.https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2019.31.219-221
Findak, V. (1995). Methodology of physical and health culture in preschool education. Zagreb: School book.
Findak, V. (2003). Methodology of physical and health education, manual for teachers of physical and health education. Zagreb: School book.
Findak, V., & Delija, K. (2001). Physical and health culture in preschool education. Zagreb: Oedipus.
Findak, V., & Prskalo, I. (2004). Kinesiology lexicon for educators. Petrinja: Glasila doo
Fulurija, D., Jovanović, M. (2019) Sports gymnastics and theory of sports gymnastics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports East Sarajevo.
Jiang, GP, Jiao, XB, Wu, SK, Ji, ZQ, Liu, WT, Chen, X., & Wang, HH (2018). Balance, proprioception, and gross motor development of Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years. Journal of Motor Behavior, 50(3), 290-298.https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2017.1375442
Kayapnar, FC (2011). The Effect of Movement Education Program on Static Balance Skills of Pre-School Children. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(6), 871-876
Kaminski, TW, Buckley, BD, Powers, ME, Hubbard, TJ, & Ortiz, C. (2003). Effect of strength and proprioception training on eversion to inversion strength ratios in subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability. British Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 27(5), 356-360.
Kollmitzer, J., Ebenbichler, GR, Sabo, A., Kerschan, K., & Bochdansky, T. (2000). Effect of back extensor strength training versus balance training on postural control. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(10), 1770-1776.
Kostić, R. (1995). Metric characteristics of measuring instruments for assessing the ability to perform rhythmic structures. In Zbornik radova «Fis komunikacije 5», Physical culture series (pp. [page numbers not provided]). Niš.
Kostić, R., Popović, R., Popović, D., & Anastasijević, B. (1987). Relations between musical and cognitive abilities and motoric expression of rhythmic structures. In Proceedings of the Faculty of Philosophy, vol. 11 (pp. [page numbers not provided]). Niš.
Kostić, R. (1996). Expression of the rhythmic motor abilities in sport dancers. In First International Scientific Conference Science in function of sport. Summary proceeding (abstract 25). Skopje: Faculty of Physical Culture.
Kyselovičová, O., Zemková, E., Péliová, K., & Matejová, L. (2023). Isokinetic leg muscle strength relationship to dynamic balance reflects gymnast-specific differences in adolescent females. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 1084019.https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1084019
Lukić, A., Bijelić, S., Šebić-Zuhrić, L., & Mutavdžić, V. (2009). The relationship between the ability to express complex rhythmic structures and success in sports dance. In I international scientific congress "Anthropological aspects of sports, physical education and recreation" (pp. [page numbers not provided]). Banja Luka, July.
Martínez-Amat, A., Hita-Contreras, F., Lomas-Vega, R., Caballero-Martínez, I., Alvarez, PJ, & Martínez-López, E. (2013). Effects of a 12-week proprioception training program on postural stability, gait, and balance in older adults: A controlled clinical trial. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(8), 2180–2188.https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827e1513
Ogard, WK (2011). Proprioception in Sports Medicine and Athletic Conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 33(3), 111-118
Pejčić, A. (2001). A healthy mind in a healthy body. Rijeka: Teacher Training College in Rijeka.
Pejčić, A. (2005). Kinesiological activities for children of preschool and early school age. River: College of Teachers in Rijeka.
Petrović, J. and co.. Sports Gymnastics, IGRO "Sportska knjiga" Belgrade, 1985
Sekulić, D., & Metikoš, D. (2007). Basics of transformation procedures in kinesiology. Split: University of Split, Faculty of Natural Sciences - Mathematical Sciences and Kinesiology.
Tropp, H., & Askling, C. (1988). Effect of ankle disc training on muscular strength and postural control. Clinical Biomechanics, 3, 88-91.
Wang, H., Ji, Z., Jiang, G., Liu, W., & Jiao, X. (2016). Correlation among proprioception, muscle strength, and balance. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28, 3468-3472.https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.3468
Winter, L., Huang, Q., Sertic, JVL, & Konczak, J. (2022). The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor performance and motor dysfunction: A systematic review. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 3, 830166.https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2022.830166
Wolf-Cvitak, J., Grčić-Zubčević, N., & Dolančić, A. (2002). Kinesthetic perception in rhythmic gymnastics: Open vs. closed-eye performance. In D. Milanović & F. Prot (Eds.), Kinesiology – New Perspectives, Proceedings Book, 3rd International Scientific Conference (pp. 253-256). Opatija: Faculty of Kinesiology.
Blackburn, T., Guskiewiez, KM, Petschauer, MA, & Prentice, WE (2000). Balance and joint stability: The relative contributions of proprioception and muscular strength. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 9(4), 315-328.
Chatzopoulos, D. (2019). Effects of ballet training on proprioception, balance, and rhythmic synchronization of young children. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 22(2), 23-33.
Chatzopoulos, D., Doganis, G., & Kollias, I. (2018). Effects of creative dance on proprioception, rhythm, and balance of preschool children. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(4), 1943-1953.https://doi.org/10.1080/xxxxxx
Dobrijević, S., Moskovljević, L., & Dabović, M. (2016). The influence of proprioceptive training on young rhythmic gymnasts' balance. Sport Mont, 14(2), 25-28.
Ferlinc, A., Fabiani, E., Velnar, T., & Gradisnik, L. (2019). The importance and role of proprioception in the elderly: A short review. Mater Sociomedica, 31(3), 219-221.https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2019.31.219-221
Findak, V. (1995). Methodology of physical and health culture in preschool education. Zagreb: School book.
Findak, V. (2003). Methodology of physical and health education, manual for teachers of physical and health education. Zagreb: School book.
Findak, V., & Delija, K. (2001). Physical and health culture in preschool education. Zagreb: Oedipus.
Findak, V., & Prskalo, I. (2004). Kinesiology lexicon for educators. Petrinja: Glasila doo
Fulurija, D., Jovanović, M. (2019) Sports gymnastics and theory of sports gymnastics, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports East Sarajevo.
Jiang, GP, Jiao, XB, Wu, SK, Ji, ZQ, Liu, WT, Chen, X., & Wang, HH (2018). Balance, proprioception, and gross motor development of Chinese children aged 3 to 6 years. Journal of Motor Behavior, 50(3), 290-298.https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2017.1375442
Kayapnar, FC (2011). The Effect of Movement Education Program on Static Balance Skills of Pre-School Children. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(6), 871-876
Kaminski, TW, Buckley, BD, Powers, ME, Hubbard, TJ, & Ortiz, C. (2003). Effect of strength and proprioception training on eversion to inversion strength ratios in subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability. British Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 27(5), 356-360.
Kollmitzer, J., Ebenbichler, GR, Sabo, A., Kerschan, K., & Bochdansky, T. (2000). Effect of back extensor strength training versus balance training on postural control. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 32(10), 1770-1776.
Kostić, R. (1995). Metric characteristics of measuring instruments for assessing the ability to perform rhythmic structures. In Zbornik radova «Fis komunikacije 5», Physical culture series (pp. [page numbers not provided]). Niš.
Kostić, R., Popović, R., Popović, D., & Anastasijević, B. (1987). Relations between musical and cognitive abilities and motoric expression of rhythmic structures. In Proceedings of the Faculty of Philosophy, vol. 11 (pp. [page numbers not provided]). Niš.
Kostić, R. (1996). Expression of the rhythmic motor abilities in sport dancers. In First International Scientific Conference Science in function of sport. Summary proceeding (abstract 25). Skopje: Faculty of Physical Culture.
Kyselovičová, O., Zemková, E., Péliová, K., & Matejová, L. (2023). Isokinetic leg muscle strength relationship to dynamic balance reflects gymnast-specific differences in adolescent females. Frontiers in Physiology, 13, 1084019.https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.1084019
Lukić, A., Bijelić, S., Šebić-Zuhrić, L., & Mutavdžić, V. (2009). The relationship between the ability to express complex rhythmic structures and success in sports dance. In I international scientific congress "Anthropological aspects of sports, physical education and recreation" (pp. [page numbers not provided]). Banja Luka, July.
Martínez-Amat, A., Hita-Contreras, F., Lomas-Vega, R., Caballero-Martínez, I., Alvarez, PJ, & Martínez-López, E. (2013). Effects of a 12-week proprioception training program on postural stability, gait, and balance in older adults: A controlled clinical trial. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(8), 2180–2188.https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827e1513
Ogard, WK (2011). Proprioception in Sports Medicine and Athletic Conditioning. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 33(3), 111-118
Pejčić, A. (2001). A healthy mind in a healthy body. Rijeka: Teacher Training College in Rijeka.
Pejčić, A. (2005). Kinesiological activities for children of preschool and early school age. River: College of Teachers in Rijeka.
Petrović, J. and co.. Sports Gymnastics, IGRO "Sportska knjiga" Belgrade, 1985
Sekulić, D., & Metikoš, D. (2007). Basics of transformation procedures in kinesiology. Split: University of Split, Faculty of Natural Sciences - Mathematical Sciences and Kinesiology.
Tropp, H., & Askling, C. (1988). Effect of ankle disc training on muscular strength and postural control. Clinical Biomechanics, 3, 88-91.
Wang, H., Ji, Z., Jiang, G., Liu, W., & Jiao, X. (2016). Correlation among proprioception, muscle strength, and balance. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28, 3468-3472.https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.3468
Winter, L., Huang, Q., Sertic, JVL, & Konczak, J. (2022). The effectiveness of proprioceptive training for improving motor performance and motor dysfunction: A systematic review. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 3, 830166.https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2022.830166
Wolf-Cvitak, J., Grčić-Zubčević, N., & Dolančić, A. (2002). Kinesthetic perception in rhythmic gymnastics: Open vs. closed-eye performance. In D. Milanović & F. Prot (Eds.), Kinesiology – New Perspectives, Proceedings Book, 3rd International Scientific Conference (pp. 253-256). Opatija: Faculty of Kinesiology.
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Prodić, D., Bijelić, S., Jovanović, S., & Fulurija, D. (2024). THE EFFECTS OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING ON THE SPEED OF ASSUMPTION OF GYMNASTIC ELEMENTS IN CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE. Sport and Health, 19(1), 283–296. https://doi.org/10.7251/SIZ2401283P
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